山东荣成：石岛传统面塑技艺（二）

  鲁网1月13日讯 石岛位于胶东半岛荣成市东南端，濒临黄海，因“背山靠海，遍地皆石”而得名。海岸线长88.5公里，与日、韩隔海相望，是中国大陆距离韩国最近的地方。石岛属温带季风型湿润性气候，冬无严寒，夏无酷暑，非常适合小麦的生长，这里产的小麦磨出的面粉，具有质地柔软、手感好、韧性强、不断裂、成型快、可塑性强等特点，而且缩水率非常低，做出的作品不开裂、人物造型的通透性非常强。

  石岛传统面塑是世代相传的民俗艺术，谷雨祭海、庙会等民俗活动的需求，直接促进了石岛传统面塑的发展，面塑作品也被赋予了各种吉祥含义；其造型完整饱满、色彩艳丽，让人倍感亲切自然，具有很高的民俗价值和审美价值。制作流程如下：

  一、原料准备

  把新鲜面粉、糯米粉、防腐剂、盐放在一起搅拌均匀，再加入保湿粉、水混合均匀，和成表面光滑的状态，分成数份，分别装袋后压成薄片，烧火大锅上汽后蒸30分钟，蒸好后把面团切碎趁热加入甘油，揉至表面光滑后封袋，醒面7天后，取一小块面团，压成薄片，然后用丙烯颜料抹在上面，包裹起来，成麻花状，反复揉捏、拧拉，让颜色分散均匀就可以使用了。

  二、制作技艺

  1、点压法

  做人物的头部，首先取一块肉色面团，包在竹签上，用圆棒工具滚出上宽下窄的瓜子脸型。然后在三分之一处横着压出眼线，竖着挤出两道鼻沟，往上推出鼻头，然后用竹刀工具压出唇纹。

  2、碾压法

  把面团放在平整的桌面上，用碾压棒擀压成薄片，然后用手轻轻托起，另一只手用拇指和食指捏出褶皱。

  3、浮雕式

  取一小块面团，用手掌搓成细条，然后用塑刀按压挑起，做出凹凸不平的衣纹图案。石岛传统面塑作品制作精美，工艺复杂，既体现和保留了传统面塑的民俗特点，又融入了现代的风格和设计，在保留传统的基础上与时俱进，是胶东沿海民俗文化的典型代表。

  Shidao is located in the southeast of Jiaodong Peninsula Rongcheng City, near the Yellow Sea,Because of the "back mountain near the sea, everywhere is stone" named,The coastline is 88.5 km long,Facing Japan and South Korea across the sea, it is the closest place from mainland China to South Korea,Shidao belongs to the temperate monsoon type humid climate,Winter without cold, summer without heat, very suitable for wheat growth,Flour from the wheat grown here,It has the characteristics of soft texture, good feel, strong toughness, no fracture, fast forming, strong plasticity and so on,And the shrinkage rate is very low, the work does not crack, the permeability of the character modeling is very strong.

  Shidao traditional dough sculpture is a folk art passed down from generation to generation,Grain rain festival sea, temple fair and other folk activities demand,It directly promoted the development of traditional dough figurines in Shidao,Dough sculpture works are also endowed with various auspicious meanings,Its shape is complete, full and colorful, which makes people feel more friendly and natura,It has high folk custom value and aesthetic value,The production process is as follows:

  1.Raw material preparation

  Mix fresh flour, glutinous rice flour, preservatives and salt together,Then add moisturizing powder, water mix evenly, and form a smooth surface,Divide into several parts, bag separately and press into thin sheets,Steam in a large pot for 30 minutes,After steaming, chop the dough and add glycerin while it is hot,Knead until the surface is smooth and seal the bag,After waking up for 7 days, take a small piece of dough and press it into thin slices,Then we put acrylic paint on it and wrap it,Make it into fried dough twist shape, knead and pull it repeatedly,Let the colors spread out evenly and youre ready to use.

  2.Production technique

  (1)Point pressure method

  To make the head of a character, first take a piece of flesh-colored dough and wrap it on a bamboo stick,Use the round stick tool to roll out a melon seed face shape that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom,Then press out the eyeliner across one third,Extrude two nasal grooves vertically and push the nose upwards,Then press the lip pattern with a bamboo knife too.

  (2)Rolling method

  Put the dough on a flat table,Use a rolling rod to roll it into thin slices,Then gently lift it with your hand,With the other hand, pinch out wrinkles with your thumb and forefinger.

  (3)Embossed type

  Take a small piece of dough and roll it into thin strips with the palm of your hand,Then press it with a plastic knife,Make uneven pattern,Shidao traditional dough sculpture works are exquisite and complicated,It reflects and retains the folk characteristics of traditional dough sculpture,It also integrates modern style and design,Keep pace with the times on the basis of preserving tradition,Is a typical representative of Jiaodong coastal folk culture.

  (本网记者）